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Caliphs timeline
632
The death of Muhammad at Medina is followed by the election of the first caliph, Abu Bakr, a father-in-law of the prophet
634
Omar, another father-in-law of Muhammad, is elected as the second Muslim caliph (the word means 'sucessor to the Messenger of God')
644
After the assassination of Omar, Othman is elected as the third Muslim caliph
c. 650
Under the caliph Othman, the revelations made to Muhammad are collected in their definitive form as the Qur'an
656
Othman is assassinated, and Ali wins power as the fourth Muslim caliph - defeating Muhammad's widow Aisha at the 'battle of the camel' near Basra
661
Ali is assassinated and Mu'awiya becomes the fifth Muslim caliph, establishing the Umayyad dynasty
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